Wednesday, 2 September 2020

GRADE 10-12 BIOLOGY TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

GRADE 10-12 BIOLOGY RESOURCES 



General outcomes

Develop positive attitudes and values about living organisms and life processes.

  Demonstrate knowledge and investigative skills.

Develop positive attitudes and values about animals and plant cells. 

  Demonstrate understanding of the facts about the interaction of water with cells.

     Demonstrate an understanding of the facts about enzymes.

  Recognise the importance of nutrients to the health of living organisms.

 Demonstrate understanding of facts about photosynthesis.

Demonstrate understanding of saprophytic nutrition.

Develop an understanding about the basic facts of nutrition in animals

Recognise the importance of gaseous exchange and health

  Demonstrate an understanding of respiration. 

 Demonstrate understanding of transport and storage in plant.

 Develop investigative skills.

 Demonstrate understanding of the circulatory system in humans

  Acquire knowledge and values about homeostasis. 

 Recognise the importance of excretion and the endocrine system.

  Demonstrate an understanding of the nervous system and sense organs.

 Demonstrate understanding of the Skeleton and locomotion.

 Demonstrate understanding of tropic and taxic responses

 Demonstrate an understanding of plant growth and development 

Demonstrate understanding of vegetative reproduction

 Develop investigative skills 

Demonstrate understanding of sexual reproduction in flowering plants.

  Demonstrate understanding of sexual reproduction in animals.

 Demonstrate understanding of genetics

 Demonstrate knowledge, attitudes and values about plants and animals. 

Acquire knowledge and value of soil.

 Develop knowledge, positive attitudes and values about ecology.

Demonstrate knowledge, attitudes and values about population.

Key competences

Demonstrate the ability to prepare and examine specimen using   a microscope.

 Show ability to carry out food tests from given food samples

·      Demonstrate the ability to investigate the conditions necessary for photosynthesis

Demonstrate the ability to control the spread of diarrhoea and malarial diseases by houseflies and mosquitoes respectively. 

Show the ability to investigate the conditions necessary for transpiration

Show ability to demonstrate the conditions necessary for germination of seeds.

  Show ability to identify different joints in mammals and insects 

Demonstrate the ability to identify the reproductive parts in flowering plants

Show the ability to demonstrate variation of characteristics in plants and animals

Demonstrate the ability to identify and classify different species  of animals and plants

Demonstrate the ability to investigate the composition of soil. 

Demonstrate the ability to design a food chain in a given ecosystem


Living Organisms

Specific outcomes

Investigate the variety of living things by direct or indirect observation 

Classify living things as plants or animals 

Identify the characteristics of all living things 

Classify animals as vertebrates or invertebrates

 Describe a variety of organisms in terms of characteristics 

Introduction

Living things include many kinds of organisms, from the plants, animals, fungi, and algae that can be readily seen in nature to the multitude of tiny creatures known as protozoa, bacteria etc. that can be seen only with a microscope. Living things can be found in every type of habitat on Earth—on land and in lakes, rivers, and oceans.

Key words

Organisms, Respiration,Sensitivity,Stimuli,Excretion,Reproduction,Growth,Movement,Vertebrates,Invertebrates Mammals,Characteristic,Photosynthesis 

Media resources:

Characteristics of Living Organisms  Characteristics Of Living Organisms 2   Characteristics of living organisms 3  Difference between living and non-living things   Classification of living things   Classification    

 7  seven processes of life  Organisms and Life processes   Biological Classification System

Read notes here: Characteristics of Living things.

Read unit 1 & 2: Further Reading

Quiz: Living organisms


Cell Structure and Organization

Specific outcomes 

Demonstrate the correct use of a microscope

 Prepare specimen using a microscope

Calculate magnification of specimen

 Investigate the structure of cells and functions of the organelles 

Distinguish between plant and animal cell structure.

Relate cell structure to functions

Describe cell organisation in multicellular organisms.

 Identify tissues in plants and animals.

 Explain the general functions of each tissue

 Identify organs in plants and animals 

  Explain the general function of each organ

Introduction

The fundamental unit of structure in biology is the living cell. Regardless of whether an organism is single celled or multicellular, it must carry out the same basic functions in order to survive, both as an individual and as a species. These functions include acquisition of nutrients and energy sources, disposal of unusable and toxic materials, reproduction, locomotion, and interaction with components in the environment. All of these functions require coordination both for short-range activities, such as sensation, and for long-range activities, such as growth

Media Resources

Full lessons: 1. Cell structure and Organization 2. Cell structure and Organization detailed 

3. Cell Organelles Part 1  4. Cell Organelles Part 2

5. Animal Cell  6. Cell Structure,Animal cell,and Plant cells

Microscopes  How to use a microscope   Microscopes 2  Basic Microscope Setup and Use  How To Use a Compound Light Microscope  Cell Structure   The whole of cell structure  Structure and Function

Organelles of the Cell   Cell Organelles   The Cell Song  Plant cells  Animal Cells  Animal & Plant cells 

  Plant cell vs Animal cell ( Compare and Contrast )

Multicellular Organization  Levels of Organization   Organization of Multicellular Organisms  Plant tissues  

Tissues, Part 1  Tissues, Part 2 - Epithelial Tissue  Plant Tissues  

Structural Organisation in Animals  Plant Tissues   Plant Organs: Structure and Function  

Organ systems in Animals 

Summary:Levels of Organization

Read Notes Here: Cell Structure  and Organization 

Further Reading Pages 24-33 Download the Book Here:  From PDF Drive

Quiz: Cell structure and organization


Diffusion, Osmosis and Active Transport.

Specific outcomes

Describe the processes of diffusion and osmosis

 Explain the effects and importance of diffusion and osmosis in living organisms

  Describe what active transport is 

Introduction:Diffusion,Osmosis,and Active Transport

Media Resources

Diffusion and osmosis-Membranes and transport  Diffusion and Osmosis 2    Diffusion  

Diffusion, osmosis, and active transport  Osmosis in Potato Strips  Diffusion and Osmosis 3  Study of Osmosis Osmosis  Why is osmosis important  Diffusion   Transport in Plants   

 Transport in Plants Part 2     Active transport   Transport in Cells: Active Transport    Active Transport   Active transport and end of topic check   

Active Transport (updated)

Structure Of The Cell Membrane - Active and Passive Transport 

Read notes below:






Simulation: Diffusion Simulation


Enzymes

Specific Outcomes

Investigate characteristics of Enzymes.

 Demonstrate the effects of temperature and pH on enzyme action 

Explain industrial   application of enzymes 

Introduction:Enzymes   Enzymes 2  Enzymes 3   Enzymes 4

Watch this video: Detailed Lesson-introduction to Enzymes

  Effect of temperature and pH on enzymes  How Enzymes Denature  Factors that Affect Enzymes   Effects of ph and temp on enzyme   How Temperature affects enzyme activity

 Factors affecting enzyme activity  Enzymes In Industry   Enzymes and their use in industry   

Enzymes - Commercial Uses   Enzymes in industry. Extended   Enzymes in Industry-more 

Read notes here:Enzymes Notes

Explore the slides below:



Nutrients

Specific outcomes

Investigate the presence of nutrients in food samples

 Identify good sources  of nutrients

 Describe the importance of nutrients, salts, vitamins and roughage to the body

Identify nutritional related disorders/ conditions

Design a balanced diet for people with different conditions

Describe the micro and macro plant nutrients

Describe deficiency diseases of macro and micro plant nutrients.

Introduction

This lesson covers food tests,types of nutrients and their sources,diet and nutritional deficiencies.

Media Resources:

Test for Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats   Food tests    Food test - Emulsion (ethanol) test for Fats 

 Food Tests - Iodine, Biuret, Benedict's, Ethanol,   Nutrition and Diet  Healthy Diet  Proteins, Carbohydrates & Fats  Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates 2  Vitamins and minerals  Metabolism & Nutrition, Part 1  Metabolism & Nutrition, Part 2

  Benefits & Side Effects of Roughage    Importance of Vitamins   Nutrition and their Deficiency Diseases 

  Deficiency Diseases   Diseases Caused by Malnutrition

Deficiency diseases  Nutrition in Humans  Healthy Diet  Nutrition, Weight Loss, Healthy Diet, Best Foods

  Healthy Aging with Nutrition    Pregnancy Nutrition  Pregnancy and Nutrition   Foods to Eat While Breastfeeding

Foods that Help Improve Breast Milk Supply   Foods to Eat When Sick  Foods to Eat if You Start Feeling Sick    Athlete Nutrition - How to Fuel a Workout   Foods to Increase Athletic Performance   A story about nutrition  

Diet and Nutrition in Adolescents

Read Notes on Food Tests below

  1. Test for Starch 2. Test for Fats 3. Test for Proteins 4.Test for Reducing Sugars

Summary Notes: Nutrients   Nutrients and Deficiencies

Summary Notes: Diet


Quiz: Nutrients and Food Tests


Nutrition in Plants

Specific Outcomes

Describe the external and internal structure of a leaf.

 Investigate factors necessary for photosynthesis.

Describe the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis.

Describe the fate of glucose in plants.

 Describe the importance of nutrients in plant.

 Identify storage organs of plants. 

Watch This Video: Introduction to Plant Nutrition

Media Resources

Watch this Video first:Mineral Nutrition |Full Chapter 

 Nutrient Mnemonics for Plants Macro and Micronutrients  

All Plant Nutrients and Deficiencies  Plant Nutrition and photosynthesis   Plant nutrition    Role of Macro- and Micro-nutrients   Photosynthesis   Photosynthesis in Higher Plants | Full Chapter    Structure of the Leaf 

Leaf Structure Cross-Section  Plant tissues   Leaf Structure   Factors That Affect the Rate of Photosynthesis

   Factors That Affect Photosynthesis   

Carbon Dioxide is necessary for Photosynthesis in Plants with Simple Experiment     

Rates Of Photosynthesis experiment 

Use iodine to test a leaf for starch  Chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis   

Sunlight is Necessary for Photosynthesis  Amazing Process Of Photosynthesis  

 Uses of glucose from photosynthesis  Photosynthesis & Uses of Glucose  Usage & Storage Of Glucose in Plants   Plant nutrition Nutrients in Plants 

 Xylem and Phloem  Where Is Starch Stored in Plant Cells?

Read Notes Here: Nutrition In Plants


Saprophytic Nutrition

Specific Outcomes

Investigate the structure of Rhizopus or Mucor.

 State the functions of the parts of Rhizopus.

 Describe what saprophytic nutrition is.

Explain the importance of saprophytic nutrition.

 State other types of saprophytic nutrition 

Introduction: Saprotrophic Nutrition  

Notes: Saprophytic plants 

 Saprotrophs Examples-Decomposers-Fungi-Bacteria-Water mold  Saprotrophs  Diagram Of Rhizopus  Rhizopus Reproduction   

Symbiosis: Mutualism, Commensalism, and Parasitism

Symbiotic Relationships-Definition and Examples-Mutualism,Commensalism,Parasitism

   Symbiosis    Symbiotic relationships   Examples of Symbiotic Relationships

Read notes below:



Quiz: Saprophytic Nutrition


Nutrition in Animals 

Specific Outcomes

Identify the external structure and function of the human teeth

  Describe the internal structure and function of the human tooth

 Describe the dental formulae of a dog and human being 

  Identify the differences in dentition of carnivores, herbivores and omnivores

 Describe causes, signs and symptoms of gum disease and tooth decay

State the main processes in holozoic nutrition

 Identify the main regions of the alimentary canal and associated organs

 Describe the processes of digestion, absorption and assimilation of nutrients

Investigate the common ailments of the alimentary canal

Describe the metabolic functions of the liver

 Describe the effects of common ailments of the liver

Introduction

This Lesson explores nutrition in animals.It further explains dentition and Holozoic nutrition concepts

Media resources

Watch this Video First: Dentition and Digestion

Human Dentition  Human Dentition  Digestion & Absorption (Teeth: Incisor, canine, Pre molar , molar)

  Different teeth, their functions and structure    Your Teeth Explained   

 Human Dental Formula Permanent Dentition  Dental Formula and Teeth   Dental formula of animals

  Anatomy of the Dog's Mouth

Herbivore and Carnivore Skulls and Dentition   Types of teeth in different animals    





Quiz: Nutrition in Animals


Respiratory System

Specific Outcomes

Describe the respiratory organs of animals.

Describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in animals.

 Describe the composition of inspired and expired air.

 Describe the adverse effects of air pollutants on health of human beings.

 Explain gaseous exchange in green plants. 

Describe types of tissue respiration.

 Describe the production of adenosine triphosphate.

Investigate the production of carbon dioxide during respiration.

 State ways in which respiration is important.

  Explain the industrial applications of respiration  

Introduction: Respiratory System - Introduction 

Watch this video first: 1. Respiratory System  2. Respiratory System Organs/Gaseous Exchange 

Media Resources

 Respiratory System, Part 1   Respiratory System, Part 2   

The Respiratory System more   Respiratory System 3D   Gas Exchange Physiology Animation

   Alveoli: Gas Exchange   Respiration Gas Exchange  

Gas exchange in the lungs  Alveoli and Gas Exchange Investigations   Inspired and expired air 

 To show experimentally that carbon dioxide is given out during respiration 

  Comparison of the carbon dioxide content of inhaled air and exhaled air

  Why is air pollution a problem?   Effect of Air Pollutants on Health   Effects of air Pollution on Human Beings

Gas Exchange in Plants   Gas exchange in plants   Stomata and Gas Exchange Animation 

Read the Notes on the Respiratory System in the slides below.Pages 77-96



Quiz: The Respiratory System


Types of Respiration

Specific Outcomes

Describe types of tissue respiration.

 Describe the production of adenosine triphosphate.

Investigate the production of carbon dioxide during respiration.

 State ways in which respiration is important.

 Explain the industrial applications of respiration 

Introduction: Repiration

Respiration - Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration    What Is Aerobic Respiration?   ATP & Respiration  

 Anaerobic Respiration in the Muscles   Anaerobic Respiration   

ATP: Adenosine triphosphate | Energy and enzymes    ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate   ATP and ADP

ATP Synthesis 3D   ATP - The Universal Energy Currency  

 To show that carbon dioxide is produce during respiration 

 To prove that carbon dioxide is given out during respiration  Respiration - Importance & Types 

   Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation    Using Yeast in Baking and Brewing 

Fermentation of Yeast & Sugar   Cellular Respiration in Sewage Treatment    What is Anaerobic Treatment?

Explore More: Respiration in Plants

Read Notes Here: Respiration

Read more by exploring the slides Below.


Quiz: Respiration



Health and Diseases

Specific Outcomes

Describe what good health is.

Define disease.

Describe various types of diseases

Describe causative agents, signs and symptoms, methods of transmission and control.

Describe ways of HIV transmission

Explain the dangers of having multiple sexual partners. 

 Describe ways of safe sexual practices. 

 Identify the causes of stigma to people living with HIV and AIDS

Describe ways of reducing discrimination to people living with HIV and AIDS.

 Explain the term of immunity to disease.  

Investigate the importance of the immune system.

Describe the factors that reduce immunity to pathogenic diseases

Explain the importance of immunisation.

Introduction:  Health and Disease

Media Resources

Watch These TWO Videos First: 

1.Human Health And Disease Part 1| Full Chapter 

  2. Human Health And Disease Part 2 || Full Chapter

Explore more:

   Health and Disease   What is a disease? Introduction   What are pathogens?   Communicable and non-communicable disease   Classification of Diseases

pathogens and disease : definition , types and causes   Lifestyle and disease  Deficiency Disease   

Human Genetic Disorders  Degenerative Diseases    What is a degenerative disease?    

Common human diseases|| their causative agents, symptoms, prevention    Bilharzia

Bilharzia | Causes, Symptoms and Treatment   Animation: HIV and AIDS  

 Transmission of HIV | Infectious diseases   HIV Transmission  What is safer sex?   Safe Sex Practices  Understanding HIV/AIDS: Learn the Facts, Fight the Stigma.  

HIV AIDS Stigma and Discrimination   HIV & AIDS Stigma and Discrimination 2   

Reducing Stigma and Discrimination  HIV related discrimination through HIV and AIDS workplace policies

   Fighting discrimination   Pathogens and the immune system  Pathogens and the immune system 

 The Immune System   Types of Immunity  Human Immune System - How It Works   Immunity and vaccination    Vaccination    Immunity    Types of Immunity 2   Vaccination

Immunization  What Are Vaccinations?

The Life Cycle

The Life Cycle of a Housefly   Life cycle of the fly, flies laying egg, eggs hatching   Life Cycle of a Mosquito  

 Animation : Life Cycle of a Mosquito   Mosquito life cycle   Life-Cycle of the Treehole Mosquito   

How Mosquitoes Spread Viruses  Malaria

The Story of Cholera  What Really Happens When A Fly Lands On Your Food  House Flies Spread More Illness   Malaria Life Cycle Animation: Mosquito Host 



Transport and Storage in Plants

Specific Outcomes

Introduction:Transport and Storage in Plants

Media Resources

Watch These Videos First 

1. Transport in Plants Part 1 || Full Chapter    2. Transport in Plants Part 2 || Full Chapter  

Explore more:

  Transportation in Plants   Transport systems in plants  transport - plant   Xylem and Phloem

  Xylem and Phloem 2   Roots, Stems, & Leaves

Root system  Anatomy of Roots  Plant Anatomy - Root, Stem and Leaf   Internal Structures of a Root

  Absorption of Water By Plants   How Do Trees Transport Water from Roots to Leaves?

  Transport of water through the root  Transportation in Plants

Transport of water in plant   Transport in Plants: Soil to Xylem  Transport of Water and Salts in Plants

  Plant Nutrition and Transport   Transport of water and Food in Plants  

 Transport in plants - Translocation (Phloem) and Transpiration (Xylem) 

 Transpiration & Translocation  

 Plant transport

Transpiration and Translocation   Transpiration  Xylem and Phloem   Transpiration in Plants  

Transpiration: the power of the potometer   Rate of Transpiration    Transpiration experiments using vaseline

Comparing the rate of transpiration   Factors that affect the rate of Transpiration  Factors Affecting Transpiration  Factors affecting transpiration 2  plant adaptations to minimize water loss 

  plant adaptations to minimize water loss   Adaptations to arid conditions   

Adaptation to Reduce Transpiration   Plant Transport Xylem and Phloem, Transpiration [3D Animation] 

Read Notes Here:Transport and Storage in Plants




Transport in Man

Specific Outcomes

Identify the composition of blood.

 Explain the functions of blood. 

 Distinguish between the red and the white blood cells.

 Identify the sites where the blood cells are produced

 Explain the process of blood clotting 

Describe the ABO blood groups  

 Explain the importance of determining the blood groups and Rhesus factors.

 Explain the donor-recipient compatibility of blood groups. 

 Explain the importance of screening the blood for purpose of transfusion.

Investigate common blood disorders 

Describe the structure of the human heart.

 Describe how the heart functions.

 Explain the causes of coronary heart disease.

 Describe ways of preventing coronary heart diseases

Describe the structure of the lymphatic system in relation to blood circulatory system. 

 Compare tissue fluid and lymph to blood. 

  Describe the flow of lymph.

Describe the function of lymph nodes in disease prevention.

Describe types of blood circulatory systems.

Describe double circulation.

 Distinguish between the single and double circulation.

Identify the main blood vessels in the double circulatory system

 Compare the structure and functions of arteries, veins and capillaries.

Describe the structure of lymph vessels.

Introduction:Transport in Animals

Media Resources

Watch These FOUR Videos First:

 1. Transport in Humans Part 1 - blood  2. Transport in Humans  blood vessels and the heart 

3. Body Circulation and Fluids  4. The Heart

Explore More:

  Transportation In Human Beings  Transportation In Human Beings  The Blood   Structure and function of blood   Blood, Part 1  Blood, Part 2   The Blood 2

White Blood Cells Vs Red Blood Cells Here's How They Differ  What Are White Blood Cells  Cell Defence: Lymphocytes and Phagocytes  Blood    How Red Blood Cells are Made Animation   Red Blood Cell Life Cycle  How do we make blood clots?  Blood Clotting animation

Platelet Activation and Factors for Clot Formation 3D  Blood Clotting 3D 2     Blood Types  

Blood Types: ABO and Rh  What are Antibodies  Antibodies  antibodies and antigens  

Antibodies & Antigens, B cells , T cells

The Immune System   The Immune System and Phagocytosis  

Blood Groups (ABO) and Rh Factor Nursing Transfusions Compatibility   Why do blood types matter? 

  How Rh factor affects a pregnancy  Understanding Rhesus Status and Anti-D in Pregnancy

  Rh Blood Group System  Blood groups and Blood compatibility

ABO blood system groups- Universal donors and recipients   Blood Disorders  

What Is Sickle Cell Anemia and How Do You Get It?  Anemia - Causes, Symptoms, Treatments  Explaining Anemia  What are blood disorders?    

The Heart

The Heart  Anatomy of the Heart  The Structure of the heart   Cardiac Cycle - Systole & Diastole  

Structure of the Human Heart 2   Heart and blood circulation diastole and systole functioning   

The Cardiac Cycle, Animation  The cardiac cycle  Heartbeat and Pulse 

The heart beat    Coronary heart disease, clogged arteries and atherosclerosis

  Heart Attack Due to Atherosclerosis  Acute Coronary Syndrome and Heart Attack  Diabetes and Heart Disease  Cardiovascular Diseases  Coronary Heart Disease  Cardiovascular Disease 

Coronary Heart Disease   Preventing coronary heart disease 

Lymphatic System 

Introduction to the Lymphatic System  Lymphatic System & Tissue Fluid Formation  The lymphatic system 

  Lymphatic System  The Lymphatic System 3  The Lymphatic System, Part 1  Lymphatic System, Part 2 

 Blood, Tissue fluid and Lymph  The Lymphatic System, All you need to know.

Anatomy and Physiology of Lymphatic System  Lymph Vessels - Lymph Ducts - Lymph Nodes - Animation

  The Lymphatic System Overview, Animation  

Circulatory Systems

Circulatory System  Body Fluids and Circulation || Full Chapter   Types of Circulatory Systems 

 Circulatory Systems  Open Vs, Closed Circulatory Systems  Two Circulations in the Body 

 Pulmonary and Systemic Circulations  Circulation  Heart Circulation - systemic and pulmonary circuit

Pulmonary and systemic circulations  Double Circulatory System vs Single Circulatory System  

  Circulatory System 3D  The Single Circulatory System  Basic Revision of the Cardiovascular System  

Anatomy and Function of the Heart  

The heart and circulation  Circulatory & Respiratory Systems  The Circulatory System  The Circulatory System 2  Arteries, veins and capillaries  Blood vessels  How lymphatic vessels move fluid    Blood Vessels 

Read Notes Here:Transport in Animals



Excretion

Specific Outcomes

 Describe the process of excretion.

 Explain the importance of excretion to animals 

 Identify the internal structure of the kidneys.

 Explain the mechanism of excretion in the kidney.

  Identify common disorders and diseases associated with the kidney.

 Investigate the role of lungs in excretion.

 Identify the structure of the human skin.

 Describe the role of the human skin in excretion.

Introduction: Excretion

Media Resource

Watch These TWO Videos First:

1. Excretory Products and Their Elimination || Full Chapter  2. Human Excretory System 

Explore More 

Excretory System    Excretion in human  Excretion in human 2  The Kidneys  Excretion part 1  Excretion part 2 

The Kidneys  The Excretory System: From Your Heart to the Toilet   Ultrafiltration and Selective Reabsorption    Kidney Disease and Dialysis  Urinary System, Part 1  Urinary System, Part 2  Treating kidney disease 

 Excretory System ( Kidneys, Skin, and Lungs eliminating waste) 

The Integumentary System, Part 1    The Integumentary System, Part 2   

The science of skin    Skin - Structure and Function   Excretion - ADH and Homeostasis  

Read Notes Here: Excretion in Animals



Homeostasis and Osmoregulation

Specific Outcomes

Describe what homeostasis is.

 Identify important organs in homeostasis. 

Describe the role of the kidney in maintaining the balance of water and salt ions.

 Describe the mechanism of thermoregulation by the skin. 

Describe the role of the liver in the regulation of blood sugar and body temperature.              

Introduction: Homeostasis

Media Resource

Watch This Video First: Homeostasis

Explore More:

Osmoregulation  Excretion - ADH and Homeostasis   Homeostasis  Homeostasis   Homeostasis and the Skin  What is Homeostasis?   Temperature Regulation of the Human Body   The Kidneys, ADH & Osmoregulation  Osmoregulation 

Maintaining the Body's Water Balance  The Process of Osmoregulation  Osmoregulation 2 

  Urinary system, Kidney structure and Osmoregulation  Thermoregulation  Thermoregulation  Control of Body Temperature Thermoregulation

Blood Sugar regulation - liver & pancreas  Control of Blood Glucose Concentration  Glycogen - What Is Glycogen?

Read Notes Here: Homeostasis



Endocrine System

Specific Outcomes

Describe what hormones is. 

 Identify the endocrine glands in a human being.

 Identify the hormones produced by the pancreas, adrenal, thyroid and pituitary glands. 

Describe the functions of thyroxine, insulin, glucagon and adrenaline.

Introduction:  Endocrine System

Media Resources

Watch These TWO Video First: 

 1. Chemical Coordination and Integration || Full Chapter ||

2. The Endocrine System 

Explore More:

         Hormones in animals     The human Endocrine system     

  Endocrine System, Part 1  Endocrine System, Part 2   The Endocrine System  The Endocrine System  Hormones & the Endocrine system (updated) 

 The Endocrine System  Great Glands - Your Endocrine System

Endocrine System & Hormones  Endocrine system explained  Adrenaline and Thyroxine  Insulin and Glucagon  The Role of Insulin in the Human Body  Insulin and Glucagon Overview  Hormones & Blood Glucose

  How Insulin and Glucagon Work  Adrenal glands 

Read Notes Here: The Endocrine System



The Nervous System

Specific Outcomes

Identify main parts of the nervous system in a human being.

 Describe what neurones are.

 Explain the path taken by an impulse through a spinal reflex arc.

 Describe what the spinal, cranial and the conditioned reflex actions are

 Identify the main parts of the brain of a human being.

 Explain the functions of the forebrain and the hindbrain.

 Describe the effects of abuse of drugs on the nervous system

 Explain the effects of tetanus infection.

Identify the external and internal structures of the human eye.

 Explain the functions of the parts of eye.

  Describe the accommodation of the eye.

 Describe the causes of short and  long sightedness.

 Explain the correction of short and long sight.

 Investigate the common causes and methods of preventing blindness.

  Describe the structure of the human ears.

 Explain the functions of the parts of the ear. 

Describe causes and methods of preventing deafness.

 Describe the role of the skin as a sense organ

Introduction: Nervous System

Media Resource:

Watch This Video First:Neural Control and Coordination || Full Chapter 

Explore More:

     Nervous System   Nervous System 2  The Nervous System 3  The nervous system 4  

The Nervous System In 9 Minutes  What are nerve cells, neurons and synapses?

The Nervous System, Part 1   The Nervous System, Part 2  The Nervous System, Part 3 - Synapses

  Neurons or nerve cells - Structure function and types of neurons   The Synapse  Neuron structure and function|Nervous System|3D-animation|  An Introduction to Neurons 

What is a Reflex Arc  Peripheral Nervous System  Autonomic Nervous System  Neuron Synapse   

The Nervous System: Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)  Receptors And Effectors  

The Divisions of the Nervous System

Reflex action and reflex arc   Reflex action and arc 2  What is a Reflex Arc   Spinal Cord And Reflex Action

  The Reflex    The Brain  Human brain and its parts  

The Brain  Forebrain Midbrain and Hindbrain structure Function   Parts of Human Brain and its Function  

 Structures of the Brain   Co-ordination  (Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain)  

Mechanism of Drug Addiction in the Brain, Animation Drugs and the Nervous System  Cocaine and the Brain 

Sense Organs

The Human Eye  The Eye  Human Eye 2  How the Eye Works Animation  The Eye 2   

Accommodation Of The Human Eye  Power of Accommodation of Human Eyes   Long and short sight 

Defects of vision and their correction

Nearsighted vs Farsighted   How the Eye Focuses   How the Eye Focuses  Short and long sight correction

  Cataract awareness, #1 cause of blindness  Eye Health & Optometry : How to Prevent Blindness  

what causes blindness  Human ear - structure & working   

Anatomy of the Human Ear  The Ear  How the ear works Ear 3D Animation  Hearing & Balance   

3 Different Types of Hearing Loss   Anatomy of the Ear and Hearing Loss Sense Organs – How our skin works 


Read Notes Here: The Central Nervous System-Coordination



Skeleton and Locomotion

Specific Outcomes

 Identify various types of skeleton.

  Describe the functions of the skeleton.

 Investigate the structure and composition of an exoskeleton.

 Identify joints and muscles in the limbs of a grasshopper.

Identify the bones of the axial and the appendicular skeletons.

 Explain a bone as a living tissue.

 Describe the structure of a skeletal muscle.

  Demonstrate the action of antagonistic muscles. 

 Compare the ball and socket joint and the hinge joint.

 Identify the parts and functions of the synovial joint.

 Compare the joints, muscle attachment and movement in endoskeletons with those of exoskeletons 

Introduction: Locomtion and Movement

Media Resources:

Watch This Video First: Locomotion And Movement || Full Chapter  

Explore More:

 Learn about Human Skeleton   Hydrostatic Skeleton Exoskeleton   Hydrostatic skeleton  Skeletal structure and function | Muscular-skeletal system  Bones and Skeletal Muscles 3D  Human skeletal system

 Insect External and Internal Structures and Functions   The Skeletal System  The Skeletal System 

 The Skeleton-Updated  Anatomy and Physiology of Axial Skeleton   Tips to Memorize the Skeletal Bones

Skeletal system: axial and appendicular skeletons   bones   Bones: Structure and Types  

Structure of Skeletal Muscle  Bone Tissue  Skeletal Muscle Structure  Muscle Contraction Process   Human Skeleton - Muscles  Human Skeleton - Muscles  

 Bones and Muscles  Skeletal System bonus  Antagonistic Muscle Pairs  How your muscular system works

  The Muscular System Explained In 6 Minutes  Ball & Socket Joint  Joints  Synovial Joints  Articulations 4- Synovial

The Skeletal System

Read Notes Below:


Quiz: Skeleton and Locomotion


Tropic Responses

Specific Outcomes

Describe what tropic response is.

 Demonstrate growth responses exhibited by plants.

 Explain the effects of light energy and gravity on the growth of plants.

Describe what taxic response is.

 Explain responses exhibited by invertebrates.

Introduction: Tropic Responses

Media Resource

Watch This Video First: Tropic Responses 

 Plant Hormones: Tropisms   Tropic Movements In Plants  Plant hormones  

Geotropism and Plant Response Experiments  Tropisms   Tropisms   Tropism and Phototropism  

Chemotropism Hydrotropism and Thigmotropism Tropic and Nastic Movements

Plant Growth: Auxins and Gibberellins   Phototropism Vs. Gravitropism  Tropism Experimen 

 Science Experiment || Phototropism in Plants    Phototropism: To Show the Growth Response of a Plant to Light  Geotropism - Plants Defying Gravity  Plant responses-Tropisms    Tropisms, taxis and kinesis

Responses: Kineses, Taxes & Tropisms  Plants, Tropisms and Hormones 

Read Notes Below:


Quiz: Tropisms



Growth and Development in Plants

Specific Outcomes

Explain the meaning of growth.

 Identify the regions of growth in stems and roots.

Identify differentiated cells in plants.

Explain the differentiation of primary and secondary tissues in plants.

Distinguish the structure of a dicotyledonous and a monocotyledonous seed.

Investigate conditions necessary for germination.

 Demonstrate hypogeal and epigeal germination.

Introduction

Media Resource

Watch This Video First:  Plants Growth and Development || Full Chapter 

Explore More

 Plant Growth And Development  Plant Growth and Development  Bean Time-Lapse   Cell Differentiation, Specialisation & Stem Cells   Cell Differentiation 

  Plant cell specialisations  Primary & Secondary Growth   Plant Tissues   Plant Tissues 

Monocots vs Dicots Explained  Monocots vs Dicots  Monocots vs. Dicots  Monocot and Dicot Plants  Seeds Structure and Germination 1 - The Fruit and the Seed 

 To Investigate the Conditions Necessary for Germination of Seeds  Germination of Seed  To Investigate the Conditions Necessary for Germination of Seeds  Germination Types

Germination in Plants

Read Notes Here:Plant Growth and Development

Download Notes here: Plant Growth and Development  



Asexual Reproduction

Specific Outcomes

Describe the different types of reproduction.

Describe asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms.

 Describe the sexual and asexual reproduction in fungi

Explain the importance of fungi and bacteria.

Describe different methods of natural propagation.

  Investigate different methods of artificial propagation.

 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of vegetative propagation.

Introduction:  What Is Asexual Reproduction? 

Media Resources 

Watch These Videos First: 1. Asexual Reproduction 2. Asexual Reproduction  3. Asexual Reproduction

  3. Asexual Reproduction (Budding, Fission, Regeneration and Parthenogenesis)

Explore More

  Fungi: reproduction  Asexual Reproduction in Amoeba and Yeast   Asexual Reproduction in Unicellular Animals   Growth and Reproduction in Bacteria  Fungus reproduction   Sexual and Asexual Reproduction 

 Asexual and Sexual Reproduction Economic Importance of Bacteria 


Quiz: Asexual Reproduction



Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Specific Outcomes

 Identify the parts of a typical flower.

 Describe the functions of various parts of a flower.

 Distinguish between two different types of pollination.

 Distinguish between wind and insect pollination.

 Describe the process of fertilization in flowers.

  Investigate ways in which seeds and dispersed.

Explain the adaptation of fruits and seeds to mode of dispersal.

Explain the importance of fruit and seed dispersal.


Introduction: Sexual Reproduction in Plants

Watch This Video First: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants || Full Chapter  

Explore more

 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants   Flower Structure and its Parts  Flower Dissection   Flower Reproduction Structure and Function   

Functions of different parts of a flower  Pollination and fertilization  Types of pollination  Types of pollination 2  Pollination and Major Agents

Structure of wind-pollinated and insect-pollinated flowers  Features of Wind Pollinated Flowers  

 Pollination, Plants and Insects  Pollination Biology  Fertilization in flowering plants  Fertilization in Plants

  Structure of Flower, Pollination and Fertilization  Dispersal of Seeds in Plants  Seed dispersal

5 Methods Plants Use for Seed Dispersal  Pollination And Fertilization  Fruit and seed Dispersal 

 Fruit and seed Dispersal  Fruits and Seed Dispersal  Seed Dispersal by Explosion 

 Evolution of Fruits and Seeds in Relation to their Dispersal  Seed Dispersal   

Why seed dispersal is necessary?

Download Notes Here: Reproduction

Read Notes Here:Types of Reproduction



Reproduction in Animals

Describe the process of reproduction in a frog.

 Identify male and female reproductive organs in human beings.

 Explain the functions of the different organs of the human reproductive system.

 Describe the biological changes associated with sexual development in human beings.

 Describe the menstrual cycle.

 Explain the processes of fertilisation and implantation in human beings.

  Identify causes of infertility in human beings 

 Describe development of the embryo in the uterus.

  Describe health risks associated with foetal development

 Describe healthy  pregnancy and safe child birth

Explain some methods of birth control.

 Describe the benefits and possible risks of using contraceptives  

Introduction:Reproduction in Animals

Media Resources

Watch These Two Videos First: 1. Human Reproduction || Full Chapter 2. Reproductive System of Frog 

3. A Brief Look at Frog Reproduction  4. External Fertilisation  5. External Fertilization  

Reproduction in Animals 

Explore More

 Human Reproduction – 1, Male Reproductive System  

Human Reproduction – 2, Female Reproductive System     Fertilization and Implantation

 Reproductive System of Frog  A Brief Look at Frog Reproduction  External Fertilisation  External Fertilization   

puberty  Changes at Sexual Maturity  journey of the sperm  Ovulation   Menstrual Cycle 

 Menstrual Cycle Animation   Fertilization  The process of fertilization and the formation of human 

 Fertilization and implantation

 Fertilisation & Implantation 2   Causes of infertility in women 

 What causes infertility in men and what treatments are out there?  Reasons for infertility  Sperm Count 

  Life Before Birth full bonus    The Formation And Development Of The Fetus In The Womb  

stages of embryonic development  How The Embryo Develops After Fertilisation 

Conception explained 

 Incredible Real Photography of the journey from a sperm to human baby- Developing in the womb

  Factors Affecting Fetal Development  

Effects of Cigarette Smoking, Alcohol and Drugs During Prenatal Development  Substance Use During Pregnancy 

Health Pregnancy and Safe Child Birth

Healthy Pregnancy Tips   Top 30 Foods To Eat During Pregnancy   The Importance on Antenatal Care 

 Antenatal Care

Birth Control

Contraception  10 Types Of Birth Control  How do contraceptives work?   How Birth Control Pills Work, Animation    Contraception   Birth Control Pills 10 Health Dangers of Birth Control Pills 

Read Notes Here: Reproduction 

Download Notes Here: Reproduction



Genetics

Specific Outcomes

Describe terms used in the study of genetics.

 Describe the variations in human beings.

 Observe variations in flowering plants.

Distinguish between continuous and discontinuous variations.

 Describe the factors that cause variations among plant and animals of the same species.

 Describe the stages of cell division.

 Explain the importance of mitosis and meiosis.

Explain what a monohybrid inheritance is.

 Demonstrate the inheritance of human characteristics using the crossings

  Explain the factors that determine the sex of a human being.

 Explain the inheritance of sex linked characteristics.

 Describe the mechanism of ABO blood groups inheritance.

Describe what mutation is.

 Identify the causes of mutation.

 Explain effects of mutation.

  Describe the uses of mutations

Introduction:  Introduction to Genetics    Introduction to Genetic Terminology 

Watch These TWO Videos First:

 Genetics full Lesson Part 1  Genetics Full Lesson Part 2

Explore More:

 Variation - Causes and Types   Variation | Genetics   Genetic Variation and Mutation  

Continuous and discontinuous variations  

Variation in human beings as a quality of life and a genetic phenomenon   Human Variation

Variations in plants  Why Genetics?  Genetics - Mendelian Experiments    

Genetics Basics - Chromosomes, Genes, DNA   Laws of Genetics  Understanding Crosses

  Exceptions to Mendelism  Dominance and Types  

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance    Thomas Morgan & Fruit flies   Chromosome Structure and Types 

 Sex Determination  Mutations and their Types  Cell Cycle and Mitosis [3D Animation]  Meiosis (Updated)

  mitosis 3d animation |Phases of mitosis  Chromosomes, Chromatids, Chromatin

Meiosis  Meiosis - Plants and Animals   Haploid vs Diploid cell and Cell division

  The Importance Of Mitosis And Meiosis  Mitosis - Significance  Comparing mitosis and meiosis 

 Monohybrid Inheritance  Genetic inheritance  Inheritance

DNA and Genes   Protein Synthesis Part 1   Protein Synthesis Part 2 - Transcription and Translation 

 Cell Division - Mitosis and Meiosis  Alleles, phenotype and genotype   Monohybrid Cross Examples   Sex Determination and Pedigree Charts   Variation and Mutation  Evolution and Natural Selection  Albinism

Gene Mutations and Sickle-cell Anemia  Mendelian Disorder: Sickle Cell anaemia  Genetics of ABO Blood Group  Alleles and Genes  Codominance   Dominant vs Recessive Traits  Dominant Alleles vs Recessive Alleles   Dominant and Recessive Alleles  Multiple Alleles (ABO Blood Types) and Punnett Squares  The causes of genetic mutations  Causes of mutation      

 Read Notes Here: Genetics Notes




Classification of Plants and Animals

Specific Outcomes

Identify various types of plants.

 Identify various types of animals.

Formulate a simple key for classification of plants and animals. 

 Use a simple classification key to identify plants and animals. 

Introduction: Classification of Plants and Animals

Media Resource

Plant Classification | Evolution |   Animal Classification   Dichotomous Keys: Identification Achievement 

  Using Dichotomous Keys  Classifying with Dichotomous Keys  Reading a Dichotomous Key  


Quiz: Classification of Plants and Animals




The Soil

Specific Outcomes

Demonstrate soil composition.

 Describe the types of soil and their properties.

 Describe factors that make soil fertile.

 Investigate causes of loss of fertility in soil.

 Explain methods of improving and retaining soil fertility.

 Determine the distribution of earth worms in different types of soils 

Introduction:  Soil

Media Resources

Soil properties  Types of soil and soil fertility  Loamy soils contain sand, clay and humus  All About soil  The necessity of Fertile Soil Animated  The necessity of Fertile Soil Animated   Types of soil

  Types of Soil 2  Soil 

Types of Soil  Properties Of Soil  Soil Properties   The Living Soil: How Unseen Microbes Affect the Food We Eat   How to improve garden soil quality  Improving Your Soil   Integrated soil fertility  

What Types of Soil Do Earthworms Prefer? 



Quiz: The Soil



Ecology

Specific Outcomes

 Explain the term ecology.

Explain the terms used in ecology

Design a food chain.

 Design a food web.

  Describe the way energy flows along food chains and food webs.

  Describe the efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels.

 Construct  pyramids of numbers, bio-mass and energy 

Explain the term population.

 Investigate factors that cause change in population size.

 Interpret population data.

Describe how carbon and nitrogen are cycled within an ecosystem.

 Describe what the water cycle is.

Investigate key features of an ecosystem.

 Explain the effects of Agriculture on an ecosystem.

 Describe the effects of deforestation on soil stability and climate.

Describe the undesirable effects of pollution.

 Determine measures to prevent pollution.

Identify the importance of conserving plant and animal species.

 Explain how to reuse, reduce and recycle materials.

 Investigate the importance of sustainable use of resources

Investigate diversity of organisms in a given locality.

 Investigate the importance of diversity of  organisms in given locality

Explain how some organisms are adapted to the environment

 Investigate the impact of human activity on organisms

 Describe the economic reasons for maintaining bio-diversity. 

Introduction: Ecology introduction 

Media Resource:

Watch These Videos First: 

 1. Organisms And Populations || Full Chapter ||    2. Ecosystem || Full Chapter   

   3. Environmental Issues || Full Chapter || 4. Biodiversity And Conservation || Full Chapter ||  

Explore More:

  Interactions between populations   Ecological Interactions 

 Interactions within an ecosystem: including biotic and abiotic factors  Biotic and Abiotic Factors

  Key Ecology Terms  Key Ecology Terms  Ecological Terms  Food Chain   Food Chains and Predator-Prey Cycles  Food chain and web  Food Chains   Food Chains and Food Webs  Energy Flow in Ecosystems  Ecological Pyramids   Food Web   What is a Food web?-Energy flow in an ecosystem  Energy Transfer in Trophic Levels  

 Energy and Biomass   Energy and Biomass  Pyramids of Biomass   Trophic levels and biomass 

 Trophic Levels and Producer vs. Consumer   Ecology Notes - Organisms & Their Relationships 

 Pyramids of Biomass  Energy Pyramid  Types of Ecological Pyramids - Energy, Biomass, Numbers  

 Population Ecology  Factors that affect Population Size 

Factors that affect the growth of Natural Population   Population Dynamics  Ecology Notes

  How to Read a Population Pyramid  Human Population Dynamics  Human Population Growth 

  Population Growth Graphs  Reading an Ecology Population Graph  The Carbon Cycle  The Nitrogen Cycle 

The Nitrogen Cycle 2   Carbon Cycle 1   Carbon 2  Nitrogen Cycle  Nitrogen Cycle-Nitrogen cycle in simple terms  Nitrogen cycle | Ecology |   The Nitrogen Cycle 2  Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles  The water cycle   The Water Cycle 

The Hydrologic and Carbon Cycles  The Water Cycle  How Does Water Cycle Work ?   Water Cycle   

Earth's Water Cycle  Natural Resources - Biogeochemical Cycles    

   The Effects of Agriculture on Biodiversity

Modern Agriculture Effects Part 1  Modern Agriculture Effects Part 2   Deforestation   Deforestation  

Harmful Effects of Deforestation 

 Understanding the role of forests and deforestation on local, regional and global precipitations  Pollution

  Human Pollution  Human impacts on Biodiversity   Pollution Control Methods 

Top 10 Tips to Control Environmental Pollution    Introduction to Conservation   Biodiversity & Conservation   Conservation Biology   

Read Notes Here:Ecology and Ecosystems


Explore More Resources

Biology Video Games and Virtual Labs by Topic from Bioman Learning Platform

BioMan Biology is the fun place to learn Biology! Here you will find learning games, review games, virtual labs and quizzes that will help you to learn about cells, ecology, genetics, physiology, and much more! 

Kindly submit  all quizzes you attempt on Bioman to tekhsmartzambia@gmail.com

BioCoach Activities from The Biology Place

Biology LabBench Activities From The Biology Place

Biology Virtual Labs from Gizmos

Instructions for Using Gizmos

Start by signing up for a free Gizmos account.Go to "Find Gizmos" on the tool bar,then to "Gizmos By Grade & Topic".Select grade and topic. Click or tap on "Free Gizmos No Time Limit" to see simulations without time limit.Each  simulation under "All Gizmos" can only be previewed for 5 minutes per day.


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